Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwensimbi engagqwali kuhlanganisa kusukela ekwakhiweni komdwebo kuya emikhiqizweni yensimbi engagqwali kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yezinto, amathuluzi, amathuluzi, izinqubo, izinqubo kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ophelile, kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwe-weld, ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela, emva- ukuhlolwa kwe-weld yomkhiqizo oqediwe. Izindlela zokuhlola zingahlukaniswa zibe ukuhlolwa okulimazayo kanye nokutholwa kwamaphutha okungabhubhisi ngokuya ngokuthi umonakalo odalwe umkhiqizo ungahlukaniswa yini izigaba ezimbili.
1.Insimbi engagqwali ukuhlolwa pre-weld
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwe-welding kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe (njengezinto eziyisisekelo, izinduku zokushisela, i-flux, njll.) kanye nokuhlolwa komklamo wesakhiwo sokushisela.
2.Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela insimbi engagqwali
Kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kokucaciswa kwenqubo yokushisela, ukuhlolwa kosayizi wokushisela, izimo zesakhiwo kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomhlangano wesakhiwo.
3.Insimbi engagqwali eshiselwe ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo ophelile
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlola umkhiqizo oqediwe ngemuva kokushiswa, okuvame ukusetshenziswa yilezi ezilandelayo:
(1)Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka
Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka kwamalunga ahlanganisiwe kuyindlela yokuhlola elula futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ophelile, ikakhulukazi ukuthola amaphutha ebusweni be-weld kanye nobukhulu bokuchezuka. Ngokujwayelekile ngokubheka okubonakalayo, ngosizo lwamasampuli ajwayelekile, amageji nezingilazi zokukhulisa namanye amathuluzi okuhlola. Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka ebusweni be-weld, kukhona okungenzeka kube nokukhubazeka ngaphakathi kwe-weld.
(2)Ukuhlolwa kokuqina
Ukugcinwa koketshezi noma amagesi esitsheni esishiselwe, i-weld ayiwona amaphutha aminyene, njengemifantu engena, ama-pores, i-slag, engashiselwe futhi izicubu ezixekethile, njll., ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuhlolwa kokuqina. Izindlela zokuhlola ukuqina yilezi: ukuhlolwa kukapharafini, ukuhlolwa kwamanzi, ukuhlolwa kokushaywa kwamanzi.
(3)Ukuhlolwa kwamandla omkhumbi wengcindezi
Umkhumbi wokucindezela, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kokuvala, kodwa futhi nokuhlolwa kwamandla. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi nokuhlolwa komfutho womoya. Bangakwazi ukuhlola ingcindezi yomsebenzi wesitsha kanye nokuqina kwe-weld yepayipi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-pneumatic kuzwela kakhulu futhi kuyashesha kunokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic, kanti umkhiqizo ngemuva kokuhlolwa awudingi ukuchithwa, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni enobunzima bokukhipha amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokuhlolwa inkulu kuneyokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic. Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa, kufanele ahambisane nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ukuvimbela izingozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
(4)Izindlela ezingokomzimba zokuhlola
Indlela yokuhlola ngokomzimba iwukusebenzisa izenzakalo ezithile zomzimba zokulinganisa noma izindlela zokuhlola. Ukuhlola ukukhubazeka kwempahla noma ucezu lokusebenza lwangaphakathi, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuthola amaphutha angakonakali. Ukutholwa kwamaphutha kwamanje okungabhubhisi kwe-ultrasonic, ukutholwa kwamaphutha e-ray, ukutholwa kokungena, ukutholwa kwamaphutha kazibuthe.
① Ukutholwa kweRay
Ukutholwa kwe-ray flaw ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe kungangena okokusebenza futhi kokubalulekile kunesici sokuncishiswa ukuze kutholwe amaphutha endleleni yokuthola amaphutha. Ngokwemisebe ehlukene esetshenziswa ekutholeni amaphutha, ingahlukaniswa ibe ukutholwa kwamaphutha e-X-ray, ukutholwa kwamaphutha e-γ-ray, ukutholwa kwamaphutha emitha ephezulu yamandla. Ngenxa yendlela yayo yokubonisa amaphutha ahlukile, ukutholwa kwe-ray ngakunye kuhlukaniswa ngendlela ye-ionisation, indlela yokubona isikrini se-fluorescent, indlela yezithombe kanye nendlela yethelevishini yezimboni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ray kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola imifantu ye-weld yangaphakathi, engafakwanga, i-porosity, i-slag nezinye iziphambeko.
②Uukutholwa kwe-ultrasonic flaw
I-Ultrasound ensimbi kanye nokunye ukusakazwa kwemidiya efanayo, ngenxa yesikhombikubona emithonjeni ehlukene izokhiqiza ukubonakaliswa, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic kwanoma iyiphi impahla ye-weldment, noma iyiphi ingxenye yeziphambeko, futhi ingaba bucayi kakhulu ukuthola indawo yeziphambeko, kodwa uhlobo lweziphambeko, ukuma nobukhulu kunzima kakhulu ukunquma. Ngakho ukutholwa kwamaphutha e-ultrasonic kuvame ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ray.
③Ukuhlolwa kukamagnetic
Ukuhlola kazibuthe ukusetshenziswa kukazibuthe wenkundla kazibuthe yezingxenye zensimbi ze-ferromagnetic ezikhiqizwa ukuvuza kazibuthe ukuze kutholwe amaphutha. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokulinganisa ukuvuza kazibuthe, zingahlukaniswa zibe indlela yempushana kazibuthe, indlela yokungenisa kazibuthe kanye nendlela yokurekhoda kazibuthe, lapho indlela yempushana kazibuthe isetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukutholwa kwamaphutha kazibuthe kungathola kuphela amaphutha endaweni kanye naseduze kwendawo kazibuthe, futhi kungenza ukuhlaziya kobuningi bokukhubazeka, futhi imvelo nokujula kokukhubazeka kungalinganiselwa kuphela ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho.
④Ukuhlolwa kokungena
Ukuhlolwa kokungena ukusebenzisa ukungeneka koketshezi oluthile nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kutholwe futhi kuboniswe amaphutha, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kombala kanye nokutholwa kwamaphutha e-fluorescence okubili, kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukonakala kwendawo ye-ferromagnetic kanye ne-non-ferromagnetic.
Okungenhla yimikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali ecubungula okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kokushisela kwensimbi engagqwali okuhlanganisa kusukela ekwakhiweni komdwebo kuya emikhiqizweni yensimbi engagqwali kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yezindlela zokuhlola zokushisela insimbi engagqwali nezikhombisi-ndlela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-25-2023
